The cultivation of the olive tree in Tuscany has very ancient origins; apart from the legends of the olive tree in Etruria, it has been demonstrated that even before the 7th century BC small quantities of olive oil were produced in Tuscany, used mainly for lighting. Lucca has a special relationship with oil and the olive tree, since the olive groves are an integral part of the landscape and the oil trade has always represented a valid source of income for the people of Lucca. Already in the days of the free Commune, a remarkably modern statute regulated its production, controlled its processing and guaranteed its genuineness. From a varietal point of view, the olive-growing heritage of the Lucca groves is made up of about 70% of the “Frantoio” cultivar, about 20% of the “Leccino” cultivar, and the remaining portion of the “Maurino” and “Pendolino” cultivars. The product is characterised by a golden-yellow colour with green reflections and by a tendentially sweet taste with appreciable but light sensations of bitterness and pungency.